Battery maximum charge threshold

The end-of-charge voltage threshold is slightly dependent on the battery technology.

For vented lead-acid batteries, it should be 2.23 V/element, while for sealed batteries with recombination catalyst, it can be raised to 2.25 V/element (per manufacturer recommendations).

According to manufacturer data sheets, the end-of-discharge threshold may depend on discharge current due to internal resistance voltage drop. However, this mainly applies to backup systems with high discharge currents (one hour or less). Solar systems typically have much lower discharge currents, so this effect is negligible. Like standard solar regulators, PVsyst uses a fixed threshold voltage.