Inverter: power overcharging
Behavior when power exceeds the inverter's capacity (i.e., when the available PV power at MPP exceeds the inverter's nominal output power (PnomAC)):
| Limitation | the PV array's operating point shifts along the I/V curve (toward higher voltages) to limit output power to the nominal value. This typically results in low losses (only the excess virtual energy between the MPP and the actually used energy is lost), allowing oversizing of the nominal array power relative to the inverter rating (an economic optimization depending on system properties). |
| Cut | when overload is reached, some older inverters simply cut PV production for safety (i.e., array current becomes zero and array voltage reaches Voc). |
| Cut up to evening | same as above, but the inverter cannot restart as long as input power remains zero, meaning it stays off until the next morning. |